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MLA (9th ed.) Citation Style: Core Elements

Nine Core Elements

MLA (9th) continues with the "universal set of guidelines" that was introduced with the 8th edition of MLA. 

This format is based on a list of nine core elements, which are given in a specific order (see the template on the right/below). If a core element can not be found or does not exist, simply omit the element from the citation. To make a citation, fill in the MLA template with as much information as available for each source. Use the punctuation given in the Template. The citations are double spaced. The first line begins at the left margin and all subsequent lines use a hanging indent.

The Nine Core Elements Format Template

The Nine Core Elements

NOTE: These links are still being updated from 8th edition to 9th edition. Much of the information is still applicable but the references to the MLA Citation Style Guide will be for the 8th edition, not the 9th edition.

These links will open in a new window:

CORE ELEMENT 1: Author.
CORE ELEMENT 2: Title of source.
CORE ELEMENT 3: Title of container,
 CORE ELEMENT 4: Other contributors,
CORE 5: Version,
CORE 6: Number,
CORE 7: Publisher,
CORE 8: Publication date,
CORE 9: Location.