Research and Training Centre on Independent Living. (2020). Guidelines for reporting and writing about people with disabilities [Brochure].
In Text
Parenthetical citation: (Research and Training Centre on Independent Living, 2020)
Narrative citation: Research and Training Centre on Independent Living (2020)
"When the author and publisher are the same, omit the publisher from the source element." (Publication manual of the American Psychological Association, 7th ed., 2020, p. 324)
Cedars-Sinai. (2015). Human papillomavirus (HPV) and oropharyngeal cancer [Brochure]. https://www.cedars-sinai.org/content/dam/cedars-sinai/cancer/sub-clinical-areas/head-neck/documents/hpv-throat-cancer-brochure.pdf
In Text
Parenthetical citation: (Cedars-Sinai, 2015)
Narrative citation: Cedars-Sinai (2015)
Author, A.A. (Year of publication). Title of dissertation/thesis (Publication No. if available) [Doctoral dissertation/Master's thesis, Name of Institution Awarding the Degree]. URL
Higgs, E. (2017). The impact of childhood sexual abuse on adult sleep [Master's thesis, Brock University]. https://dr.library.brocku.ca/bitstream/handle/10464/10948/Brock_Higgs_Erin_2017.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
In Text
If you found the thesis or dissertation online, provide the URL. (Publication manual of the American Psychological Association, 7th ed., 2020, p. 334)
Oram, D. (2009, May 18-20). Considering sustainability through ethical approaches and their practical application [Paper presentation]. IEEE International Symposium on Technology and Society, Tempe, AZ, United States.
In Text
Parenthetical citation: (Oram, 2009)
Narrative citation: Oram 2009
"Conference proceedings published in a journal or book follow the same format as for a journal article, edited book, or edited book chapter." (Publication manual of the American Psychological Association, 7th ed., 2020, p. 332)
The recommended adaptations below allow for Indigenous Elders and Knowledge Keepers to be cited not only in-text but in the reference list as well. Your instructor will expect APA which does not cite personal communications in the reference list so check with your instructor first when following these examples.
APA template
Last name, First initial. (Elder/Knowledge Keeper), Nation/Community. Treaty territory if applicable. Where they live if applicable. Topic/subject of communication if applicable. personal communication. Month Date, Year. Territory Acknowledgement of where information was shared/collected.
Example 1:
Larrabee, R., (Knowledge Keeper), Qayqayt First Nation. Lives in New Westminster. Community memories. personal communication. November 21, 2023. Shared on the traditional unceded territory and ancestral lands of the Coast Salish Peoples, including the territories of the Katzie, Kwantlen, Kwikwetlem, Musqueam, and Qayqayt First Nations.
In text examples
Parenthetical
(Larrabee, 2023).
Narrative
Larabee (2023) explained that ...
Example 2
Lekeyten (Elder), Kwantlen First Nation. Community justice. personal communication. 2019, April 19. Shared on the traditional unceded territory of the Kwantlen, Musqueam, Katzie, Semiahmoo, Tsawwassen, Qayqayt, and Kwikwetlem Peoples.
In-text
Parenthetical
(Lekeyten, 2019).
Narrative
Lekeyten (2019) explained that ...
More information on efforts to decolonize citation can be found here.
Advertisement title. (Date of posting). [Advertisement type]. URL
Maple Leaf meats. Back off get your own sandwich. (n.d.). [Television advertisement]. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EINhsx_JxkE
Bennett, N. (2019, December 17-19). Energetics of consciousness [Poster presentation]. Energy Healing Conference, Salt Lake City, UT, United States. https://www.energyhealingconference.com/gallery.html
In Text
Parenthetical citation: (Bennett, 2019)
Narrative citation: Bennett (2019)
(Publication manual of the American Psychological Association, 7th ed., 2020, p. 333)