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Chicago (18th ed.) Citation Style Guide: Reference Works

Encyclopedia or Dictionary - Print (14.130)

11. Encyclopaedia Brittanica, 15th ed. (1980), under "Musk-ox."

 

"Well-known reference books, such as major dictionaries and encyclopedias, are normally cited in notes rather than in bibliographies....If a physical edition is cited, not only the edition number (if not the first) but also the date the volume or set was issued must be specified. 

References to an alphabetically arranged work cite the item (not the volume or page number) in quotation marks. Though the owrd "under" may be added for clarity, this manual no longer recommends using the Latin abbreviation s.v. (Chicago Manual of Style, 18th ed., 14.130).

Encyclopedia or Dictionary - Online (14.131)

14. Merriam-Webster Dictionary, "felicitate," accessed May 12, 2025, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/felicitate

An edition number is not required for continually updated resources. Provide a publication posted date or revision date (or an access date if those are not available" (Chicago Manual of Style, 18th ed., 14.131).

Grove Music Online (14.132)

Bibliographic Form

Grove Music Online, "Overtone-singing [throat-singing, chant biphonique, chant diphonique, hoomii]," by Carole Pegg, January 20, 2001, https://doi.org/10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.49849

Footnote Form

16. Grove Music Online, "Overtone-singing [throat-singing, chant biphonique, chant diphonique, hoomii]," Carole Pegg, January 20, 2001, https://doi.org/10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.49849

Shortened Form

16. Grove Music Online, "Overtone-singing."

"Online dictionaries and encyclopedias are normally cited in the notes rather than bibliographies...For continually updated resources, an edition number will usually be unnecessary; instead include a publication date or the date of the most recent update or revision" (Chicago Manual of Style, 18th ed., 14.131).

Encyclopedia - Online, with Author (14.132)

12. The Canadian Encyclopedia, "Battle of Vimy Ridge," by Richard Foot, last updated November 30, 2023,  https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/vimy-ridge

 

"Online dictionaries and encyclopedias are normally cited in the notes rather than bibliographies...For continually updated resources, an edition number will usually be unnecessary; instead include a publication date or the date of the most recent update or revision" (Chicago Manual of Style, 18th ed., 14.131-2).

In this example, the Dictionary of Canadian Biography has a print counterpart so the title is italicized. Wikipedia does not have a print counterpart so the title is not italicized (see Chicago Manual of Style, 18th ed., 14.103-4 for more information). 

Wikipedia (14.131)

15. Wikipedia, "Celine Dion," last modified May 6, 2025, 18:43, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celine_Dion.

 

"Time stamps may be included for frequently updated resources" (Chicago Manual of Style, 18th ed., 14.131).

Grove Music - Print (14.132)

Bibliographic Form

Knopoff, Steven. "Didjeridu." The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians. Edited by Stanley Sadie and John Tyrrell. London: Macmillan, 2001. ix: 320-322.

Footnote Form

16. Steven Knopoff, "Didjeridu,"The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, eds. Stanley Sadie and John Tyrrell (London: Macmillan, 2001), ix: 320.

Shortened Form

16. Knopoff, "Didjeridu," 320.

"For certain reference works - particularly those with substantial, authored entries - it may be appropriate to cite individual entries by author...Such citations may be included in a bibliography" (Chicago Manual of Style, 18th ed., 14.132).