Chicago (18th ed.) Citation Style Guide: Further Examples

"References to conversations (whether face-to-face or by telephone) or to letters, email or text messages, and direct or private messages shared through social media and received by the author are usually run in to the text or given in a note. They are rarely listed in a bibliography. Most such information can be referred to simply as a conversation, message, or the like; the medium may be mentioned if relevant." (Chicago Manual of Style, 18th ed., 14.111)

Many instructors will not allow the use of generative artificial intelligence (AI) tools (i.e. ChatGPT, et cetera) in assignments. If you do use tools like this, it is important that you check with your instructors first and then that you include citations in your assignment.

The Chicago Manual of Style Online recently released some information about citing artificial intelligence tools.

"Authors who have relied on content generated by a chatbot or similar AI tool must make it clear how the tool has been used (either in the text or in a preface or the like"). Any specific content, whether quoted or paraphrased, should be cited where it occurs, either in the text or in a note...chatbot conversations are not usually included in a bibliography or reference list...If for any reason an AI conversation is included in a biblography or reference list, cite it under the name of the publisher or developer rather than the name of the tool and include a publicly available URL" (Chicago Manual of Style, 18th ed., 14.112).

Cited in text

The following recipe for pizza dough was generated on December 9, 2023, by ChatGPT-3.5.

Cited in a note

"Information about paintings, photographs, sculpture, and other works of art is usually presented in the text. If a more formal citation is needed...list the name of the artist, a title (in italics) or a description, and a date of creation or completion, followed by information about the medium and location of the work. To help readers locate the item, a museum accession number may be included; for works consulted online, add a URL" (Chicago Manual of Style, 18th ed., 14.133).

"Unless illustrations are presented separately...each should appear as soon as possible after the first text reference to it (Chicago Manual of Style, 18th ed. 3.7).

Images are typically captioned immediately below (but sometimes above or to the side). A caption is explanatory material about the image; it can be as simple as a word or two, or can be several sentences (Chicago Manual of Style, 18th ed., 3.21).

Maps are cited very similarly to illustrations, with the cartographer's name used in place of the artist's name. To find more information, check the Chicago Manual of Style, 18th ed., 14.135.

Bibliographic Form

Footnote Form

Shortened Note

Bibliographic Form

Footnote Form

Shortened Form

Bibliographic Form

Footnote Form

Shortened Form