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Chicago (18th ed.) Citation Style Guide: Audiovisual Material

Multimedia - Elements of the Citation (14.161)

"Multimedia - elements of the citation. Citations of multimedia content will vary depending on the type of source. The following elements are usually included:

  1. The person or group or other entity responsible for creating or compiling the content
  2. The title or description of the content
  3. The name of the publisher or other entity responssible for making the content available
  4. The date that the content was recorded or published
  5. Information about the medium or format 
  6. For sources consulted online, a URL" (Chicago Manual of Style, 18th ed., 14.161).

DVD (14.165)

Bibliographic Form

Durlacher, Chris, dir.  Queen Elizabeth's Secret Agents. BBC, 2018. DVD. 

 

Footnote Form

4. Chris Durlacher, Queen Elizabeth's Secret Agents, BBC, 2018, DVD.

 

Shortened Note

5. Durlacher, Queen Elizabeth's.

 

"Like sound recordings, videoa nd film recordings are cited according to the nature of the material (television show, movie, etc.). Any facts relevant to identifying the item should be included" (Chicago Manual of Style, 18th ed., 14.165). 

Podcast (14.168)

Bibliographic Form

Koksal, Nil, and Howden, Chris. "Flamingos Create Water Tornadoes to Trap and Suck up Their Prey: Study." May 26, 2025. In As It Happens. Podcast. MP3 audio, 6:25. https://www.cbc.ca/radio/asithappens/study-finds-flamingo-create-water-tornadoes-to-eat-1.7542648.

 

Footnote Form

7. Nil Koksal and Chris Howden, "Flamingos Create Water Tornadoes to Trap and Suck up Their Prey: Study," May 26, 2025, in As It Happens, podcast, MP3 audio, 6:25, https://www.cbc.ca/radio/asithappens/study-finds-flamingo-create-water-tornadoes-to-eat-1.7542648.

 

Shortened Note

8. Koksal and Howden, "Flamingoes Create."

Musical recordings (14.163)

Bibliographic Form

Ensemble Eduard Melkus. Danice of the Ages, vol. 1. Stereo 439 964-2, 1994, compact disc. 

 

Footnote Form

7. Ensemble Eduard Melkus, Danice of the Ages, vol. 1, Stereo 439 964-2, 1994, compact disc. 

 

Shortened Note

8. Ensemble Eduard Melkus, Dance of the Ages.

 

"For digital recordings other than compact discs, a streaming service or file format may be noted if relevant but is not required" (Chicago Manual of Style, 18th ed., 14.163). 

YouTube Video (14.167)

Bibliographic Form

Vertiasium. "The Closest We've Come to a Theory of Everything." 2024. YouTube, 32:43. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q10_srZ-pbs.

 

Footnote Form

5. Vertiasium, "The Closest We've Come," 2024, YouTube, 32:43, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q10_srZ-pbs.

 

Shortened Note

6. Vertiasium, "The Closest We've Come."

Video from a Website (14.167)

Bibliographic Form

Gold, Danny, Neil Brandvold, Michelle Kim, Tom Silverstone, Den Macfarlane, and Mustafa Khalili. "The Only Way Out is Through Jesus: The El Salvador Pastors Saving MS-13 Gang Members." The Guardian, July 19, 2018. Video, 12:14. https://www.theguardian.com/global/video/2018/jul/19/the-only-way-out-is-through-jesus-el-salvadors-brutal-gangs-and-salvation-video.

 

Footnote Form

6. Danny Gold et al., "The Only Way Out is Through Jesus: The El Salvador Pastors Saving MS-13 Gang Members," The Guardian, July 19, 2018, video, 12:14, https://www.theguardian.com/global/video/2018/jul/19/the-only-way-out-is-through-jesus-el-salvadors-brutal-gangs-and-salvation-video.

 

Shortened Note

7. Gold et al., "Only Way Out."

Ted Talk (14.167)

Bibliographic Form

Harris, Dan. "The Benefits of Not Being a Jerk to Yourself." TED2022, April 2022. 13 min., 39 sec.  https://www.ted.com/talks/95723.

 

Footnote Form

6. Dan Harris, "The Benefits of Not Being a Jerk to Yourself," TED2022, April 2022,  https://www.ted.com/talks/95723.

 

Shortened Note

7. Harris, "The Benefits of Not."