Chicago (17th ed.) Citation Style Guide: Further Examples

"References to conversations (whether face-to-face or by telephone) or to letters, email or text messages, or direct or private messages shared through social media and received by the author are usually run in to the text or given in a note.  They are rarely listed in a bibliography.  Most such information can be referred to simply as a conversation, message, or the like; the medium may be mentioned if relevant." (Chicago Manual of Style, 17th ed. p. 850)

Many instructors will not allow the use of generative artificial intelligence (AI) tools (i.e. ChatGPT, et cetera) in assignments. If you do use tools like this, it is important that you check with your instructors first and then that you include citations in your assignment.. Since most text generated by AI tools cannot be linked to or read by the reader of your assignment, it's best to cite it as a "personal communication" (see the example and information in the Personal Communications box above).

The Chicago Manual of Style Online currently has no specific guidelines around citing artificial intelligence tools but many of these tool are new and rapidly evolving so guidelines and examples may be available in the future.

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In the Chicago Manual of Style, images are referred to as illustrations, figures, artwork, art, photographs, maps and charts (Chicago Manual of Style, 17th ed. p. 126). 

Unless illustrations/images are presented separately...each should appear as soon as possible after the first text reference to it (Chicago Manual of Style, 17th ed. p.130).

Images are typically captioned immediately below (but sometimes above or to the side). A caption is explanatory material about the image; it can be as simple as a word or two, or can be several sentences (Chicago Manual of Style, 17th ed., p.136).

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